Global initiatives in research data management and discovery: searching metadata.

The upcoming ACS national meeting in San Diego has a CINF (chemical information division) session entitled "Global initiatives in research data management and discovery". I have highlighted here just one slide from my contribution to this session, which addresses the discovery aspect of the session.

Data, if you think about it, is rarely discoverable other than by intimate association with a narrative or journal article. Even then, the standard procedure is to identify the article itself as being of interest, and then digging out the "supporting information", which normally takes the form of a single paginated PDF document. If you are truly lucky, you might also get a CIF file (for crystal structures). But such data has little life of its own outside of its parent, the article. Put another way, it has no metadata it can call its own (metadata is data about an object, in this case research data). An alternative is to try to find the data by searching conventional databases such as CAS,  Beilstein/Reaxys or CSD, and there of course the searches can be very precise. But (someone) has to pay the bills for such accessibility.

We are now starting to see quite different solutions to finding data (the F in FAIR data, the other letters representing accessibility, interoperability and re-usability). These solutions depend on metadata being a part of the solution from the outset, rather than any afterthought produced as a commercial solution. The collection of metadata is part of the overall process called RDM, or research data management, perhaps even the most important part of it. In exchange for identifying metadata about one's data, one gets back a "receipt" in the form of a persistent identifier for the data, more commonly known as a DOI. The agency that issues the DOI also undertakes to look after the donated metadata, and to make it searchable. The table below shows eight searches of such metadata, one example of how to acquire statistics relating to the usage of the data and one search of how to find repositories containing the data.

Search queries enabled by the use of metadata in data publication
# Search query* Instances retrieved:
1 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=alternateIdentifier:InChIKey\:*  InChI identifier
2 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=alternateIdentifier:InChI\:*  InChI key 
3 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=alternateIdentifier:InChIKey:CULPUXIDFLIQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI key CULPUXIDFLIQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
4 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=ORCID:0000-0002-8635-8390+alternateIdentifier:InChIKey\:* ORCID 0000-0002-8635-8390 AND (boolean) InChI key.
5 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=ORCID:0000-0002-8635-8390+alternateIdentifier:InChI\:InChI=1S\/C9H11N5O3* ORCID 0000-0002-8635-8390 AND (boolean) + InChI string 1S/C9H11N5O3 with the * wild.
6 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=has_media:true&fq=prefix:10.14469 Has content media for Publisher 10.14469 (Imperial College)
7 http://search.datacite.org/ui?q=format:chemical/x-* Data format type chemical/x-* 
8 http://search.datacite.org/api?&q=prefix:10.14469& fq=alternateIdentifier:InChIKey\:*& fl=doi,title,alternateIdentifier& wt=json&rows=15
http://api.labs.datacite.org/works?q=prefix:10.14469+AND+alternateIdentifier:InChIKey\:*
First 15 hits in JSON format, batch query mode
9 http://stats.datacite.org/?fq=datacentre_facet:"BL.IMPERIAL – Imperial College London" resolution statistics for publisher 10.14469 (Imperial College) per month
10 http://service.re3data.org/search?query=&subjects[]=31 Chemistry Research data repository search for Chemistry (135 hits)

In this instance the three MIME media types are chemical/x-wavefunction, chemical/x-gaussian-checkpoint and chemical/x-gaussian-log. See[1] for chemical MIME (multipurpose internet media extensions).


Anyone familiar with the standard ways of finding data (CAS, CSD, Reaxys) will appreciate that the above does not yet have the finesse to find eg sub-structures of chemical structures, synthetic procedures or molecular properties. My including it here is primarily to show some of the potential such systems have, and to remark particularly that the batch query capability of this infrastructure could indeed be used in the future to construct much more sophisticated systems.  Oh, and to the end-user at least, the searches shown above do not require institutional licenses to use. Both the data and its metadata is free, mostly with a CC0 or CC BY 3.0 license for re-use (the R of FAIR).

If more of interest related to this topic emerges at the ACS session,  I will report back here.

References

  1. H.S. Rzepa, P. Murray-Rust, and B.J. Whitaker, "The Application of Chemical Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (Chemical MIME) Internet Standards to Electronic Mail and World Wide Web Information Exchange", Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, vol. 38, pp. 976-982, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci9803233

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2 Responses to “Global initiatives in research data management and discovery: searching metadata.”

  1. Henry Rzepa says:

    It has been pointed out to me (thanks Bob!) that the searches above no longer work. This is because in 2016, the DataCite search engine was based on Solr. In January 2019 the DataCite engine was changed to ElasticSearch and some syntax has changed. To find a set of examples that have been refactored for the new engine, go visit https://doi.org/10.14469/hpc/5920

    If I have time I might update the table above as well.

  2. Henry Rzepa says:

    Only searches 3 and 5 are misbehaving at the moment. The others are responding, so only some searches are disabled.

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