Organic Chemistry Across the Universe
Extraterrestrial Transformation

References

1. The Search for Life's Origins, National Research Council, National Academy Press, page 24.

2. Comets and the Origin and Evolution of Life, Paul J.Thomas, Christipher F. Chyba, Christopher P. Mckay, Springer. Page 58.

3. Intersteller Chemistry, W.W. Duley, D.A. Williams, Academic Press.

4. J.M.Hollis, F.J.Lovas, P.R.Jewell, 'Interstellar Glycolaldehyde: The First Sugar', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 540: L107-L110, 2000 september 10.

5. H. Feuchtgruber, F.P. Helmich, E.F. Van Dishoeck, C.M. Wright, 'Detection of Interstellar CH3', The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 535: L111-L114, 2000 June 1.

6. F.J. Lovas, L.E. Snyder, D.R. Johnson, 'Recommended Rest Frequences for Observed Interstellar Molecular Transitions', The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 41, 451-480, 1979 November.

7. M.P. Bernstein, S.A. Standford, L.J. Allamandola, J.S. Gillette, S.J Clemett, R.N. Zare, 'UV Irradiation of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in ices: Production of Alcohols, Quinones and Ethers.', Science, vol 283, 19 February 1999.

8. D.W. Deamer, 'Boundary Structures are Formed by Organic Components of the Murchison Carbonaceous Chondrite', Nature, Vol. 317, 31 October 1985.

9. M.P. Bernstein, S.A. Sandford, L.J. Allamandola, 'Life's Far-Flung Raw Materials', Scientific America, July 1999, 27-33.

10. http://space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/sugar_000615.html

11. http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/pr/sugar.graphics.html

12. Fundimentals of molecular spectroscopy, C. Banwell, E. McCash, The McGraw- Hill Companies, Page 52.

13. Intersteller Chemistry, W.W. Duley, D.A. Williams, Academic Press. Page1.

14. Intersteller Chemistry, W.W. Duley, D.A. Williams, Academic Press. Page3.

15. Intersteller Chemistry, W.W. Duley, D.A. Williams, Academic Press. Page7,15.

16. Intersteller Chemistry, W.W. Duley, D.A. Williams, Academic Press. Page86.

17. http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/pr/sugar.html

18. http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/%7Eastrochm/science.html

19. http://www.sciam.com/1999/0799issue/0799bernstein.html

20. BBC Radio Four, News.

21. http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/%7Eastrochm/vesicle.html

22. Allamandola, Tielens, Barker, The Astrophysical Journal suppliment series, 71, 1989 December, 733-775.

23. http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/UIR.html

24. Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, Carl Sagan editor. Chapter Extraterrestrial Intelligence.

References for Illustrations

(1) http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/compare.html

(2) http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/UIR.html

(3) http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/PAHs.JPG

(4) http://www.sciam.com/1999/0799issue/0799bernsteinbox5.html



Start Contents Abstract Introduction Sugar in space
Spectroscopy Polyatomic Aromatic Hydrocarbo Simulating Space Conclusion
References