{"id":26754,"date":"2024-01-25T17:05:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T17:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26754"},"modified":"2024-01-26T19:55:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T19:55:45","slug":"the-macintosh-computer-at-40","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26754","title":{"rendered":"The Macintosh computer at 40."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"26754\">\n<p>On 24th January 1984, the Macintosh computer was released, as all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/future\/article\/20240123-the-apple-macintosh-was-first-released-40-years-ago-these-people-are-still-using-the-aging-computers\"> the media<\/a> are informing us. Apparently, some are still working. I thought I would give my own personal recollections of that period.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, the Mac reached UK stores via a dealership only in 1985. What brought it to the attention of our university chemistry department was that also in 1985 the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChemDraw\">Chemdraw program was released<\/a> and visitors to e.g. ACS meetings that year (probably the spring meeting) brought news of it back. A third piece of the puzzle, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LaserWriter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laserwriter<\/a> also appeared that year. What difference would all this make? Well, take a look at the diagram in this 1983 article<span id=\"cite_ITEM-26754-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-26754-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span>. I drew that with stencils and transfer lettering, and the diagrams in this article took me ages! The article was submitted to what was called a &#8220;camera ready&#8221; journal, as part of the process of accelerating its publication, so it had to be as perfect as I could make it. I had to start from the beginning several times, since sometimes even Typex could not fix the errors or rescue the diagram from being a bit to big to fit onto the Journal provided template.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26756\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-204.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-204.jpg 744w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-204-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-204-711x1024.jpg 711w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><br \/>\nAfter drafting these diagrams, I vowed never again! Fortunately, the Mac, Chemdraw and the Laserwriter appeared some 18 months later! I remember going around the (mostly organic) chemists in the department, asking if they would like to join in a bulk purchase and we ended up with 10 Macs. By 1985, the model had moved on to the Mac 512K which were the ones actually purchased and photos of the front and rear of one are shown below (I still have it, hoping a collector might make me an offer one day).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-26754 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=26759'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_0315-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=26758'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_0317-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=26757'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_0316-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>The first year of use revealed an infamous quirk. The port on the rear of the Mac 512K did not support attachment of any hard drives (although in 1985 these were ferociously expensive for a 10 MB drive!) and so most of the time one spent not using eg Chemdraw but pushing floppy disks in and out of the machine. A year later, the Mac Plus 1Mb version was introduced (third photo) and this had a SCSI port. I attached such a 10 Mbyte drive to this port and the bliss at not having to rotate floppy disks was immense.<\/p>\n<p>Back to the 512K model. After they were delivered, I gathered all 9 other users and introduced them all to the mouse. In the first 15 minutes, there were rumblings that they would never get used to such a strange object, but at roughly the 45 minute mark, they were all converts. The program demonstrated was of course Chemdraw. Microsoft Word was not yet available but another simple word processor was (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.macintoshrepository.org\/1802-writenow\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WriteNow<\/a>) and everyone practised constructing diagrams such as the above. What joy! And no Typex, or starting the diagram from scratch &#8211; merely a simple 10 second edit.<\/p>\n<p>By 1987 as I recollect, there were many 1MB models now installed and we set about networking them all together and connecting them to the Laserwriter. We even managed to use the Mac to connect to STN international to search Chemical Abstracts<span id=\"cite_ITEM-26754-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-26754-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span> and the modern era was well under way.<\/p>\n<p>So this is my tribute to the Mac on its 40th birthday. I still use them to this day.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n    <ol class=\"kcite-bibliography csl-bib-body\"><li id=\"ITEM-26754-0\">A.M. Lobo, S. Prabhakar, H.S. Rzepa, A.C. Skapski, M. Tavers, and D.A. Widdowson, \"C-substitution reactions of c,n-diaryl nitrones\", <i>Tetrahedron<\/i>, vol. 39, pp. 3833-3841, 1983. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-4020(01)88625-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0040-4020(01)88625-7<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-26754-1\">H. Rzepa, \"A trip down memory lane: An online departmental connection map from 1989.\", 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59350\/85xp6-2sy65\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59350\/85xp6-2sy65<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 26754 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 24th January 1984, the Macintosh computer was released, as all the media are informing us. Apparently, some are still working. I thought I would give my own personal recollections of that period. In fact, the Mac reached UK stores via a dealership only in 1985. What brought it to the attention of our university [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":5,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2661],"class_list":["post-26754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Macintosh computer at 40. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26754\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Macintosh computer at 40. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On 24th January 1984, the Macintosh computer was released, as all the media are informing us. 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What brought it to the attention of our university [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26754\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-25T17:05:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-26T19:55:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/IMG_0315-150x150.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Macintosh computer at 40. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26754","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Macintosh computer at 40. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","og_description":"On 24th January 1984, the Macintosh computer was released, as all the media are informing us. 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Four decades of advances in technology now mean I can do a fair amount of computational quantum modelling on a recent Mac (one from 2022 with M1 processor), and since then they have only got\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Historical&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Historical","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=565"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4578,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=4578","url_meta":{"origin":26754,"position":1},"title":"Computers 1967-2011: a personal perspective. Part 2. 1985-1989.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"July 8, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"As a personal retrospective of my use of computers (in chemistry), the Macintosh plays a subtle role. 1985: In the previous part, I noted how the Corvus Concept computer introduced a network hard drive (these still being too expensive for any one individual to afford one); the same principle applied\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chemical IT&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chemical IT","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5011,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=5011","url_meta":{"origin":26754,"position":2},"title":"Steve Jobs and chemistry: a personal recollection.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"October 9, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"Steve Jobs death on October 5th 2011 was followed by a remarkable number of tributes and reflections on the impact the company he founded has had on the world. Many of these tributes summarise the effect as a visionary disruption. Here I describe from my own perspective some of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chemical IT&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chemical IT","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/10\/jobs1.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2874,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=2874","url_meta":{"origin":26754,"position":3},"title":"Data-round-tripping: moving chemical data around.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"November 20, 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"For those of us who were around in 1985, an important chemical IT innovation occurred. We could acquire a computer which could be used to draw chemical structures in one application, and via a mysterious and mostly invisible entity called the clipboard, paste it into a word processor (it was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chemical IT&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chemical IT","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":26767,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26767","url_meta":{"origin":26754,"position":4},"title":"3D Molecular model visualisation: 3 Million atoms +","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"January 27, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"In the late 1980s, as I recollected here the equipment needed for real time molecular visualisation as it became known as was still expensive, requiring custom systems such as Evans and Sutherland PS390 workstations. One major breakthrough in making such techniques generally available on less specialised equipment was achieved by\u2026","rel":"","context":"With 1 comment","block_context":{"text":"With 1 comment","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=26767#comments"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8glv-150x150.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8glv-150x150.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8glv-150x150.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/8glv-150x150.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":14255,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=14255","url_meta":{"origin":26754,"position":5},"title":"Reproducibility in science:  calculated kinetic isotope effects for the Baeyer-Villiger reaction.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"July 1, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Recollect this earlier post on the topic of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction. In 1999 natural abundance kinetic isotope effects were reported and I set out to calculate the values predicted for a particular model constructed using Quantum mechanics. This comparison of measurement and calculation is nowadays a standard verification of both\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;reaction mechanism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"reaction mechanism","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1086"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"authors":[{"term_id":2661,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin","display_name":"Henry Rzepa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26754"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26766,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26754\/revisions\/26766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26754"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=26754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}