{"id":22270,"date":"2020-05-06T06:42:48","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T05:42:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=22270"},"modified":"2021-01-20T13:35:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T13:35:56","slug":"discussion-of-the-room-temperature-chemical-synthesis-of-dicarbon-open-and-transparent-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=22270","title":{"rendered":"Discussion of (the) Room-temperature chemical synthesis of dicarbon &#8211; open and transparent science."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"22270\">\n<p>A little more than a year ago, a ChemRxiv pre-print appeared bearing the title referenced in this post,<span id=\"cite_ITEM-22270-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-22270-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span> which immediately piqued my curiosity. The report presented persuasive evidence, in the form of trapping experiments, that dicarbon or C<sub>2<\/sub> had been formed by the following chemical synthesis. Here I describe some of what happened next, since it perhaps gives some insight into the processes of bringing a scientific result into the open.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCOMMS.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-22273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCOMMS.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>My curiosity at that time was because a thermal facile reaction is normally associated with a sufficiently low free energy barrier to the transition state to allow a flux of the product to form on a reasonable timescale, and at a concentration that can be <em>e.g.<\/em> trapped. Dicarbon however is normally considered a very high energy species. Its formation from a precursor bearing a triple bond in this case would involve breaking the \u2261C<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/span>I bond in <strong>11<\/strong> above and replacing it by C\u2a78C, where the 4th bond is experimentally estimated to recover ~20 kcal\/mol of energy. I estimated the bond dissociation energies and further calculated the free energies of the reactions of\u00a0<strong>1a<\/strong>, <strong>11<\/strong> and &#8220;<strong>C<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong>&#8221; above, thus adding to the information available from the pre-print.<\/p>\n<p>The original pre-print has now appeared as a full paper in\u00a0<em>Nature Communications<\/em>, having passed through the peer review processes.<span id=\"cite_ITEM-22270-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-22270-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span> I can reveal here that I was one of the referees of this article. In my referee report I felt it appropriate to comment on my thermochemical observations on the reaction. I also\u00a0waived my anonymity as part of this process (an option given to referees of this journal). Regarding the thermochemistry as essential to understanding this fascinating reaction and because it is not discussed in the final published article itself,<span id=\"cite_ITEM-22270-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-22270-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span> I decided to add this to the public record in the form of a matter arising (MA), also submitted to <em>Nature Communications<\/em>. Interestingly, such a form of response incurs no open access article processing charge (APC), unlike the communications themselves. In its acknowledgement of submission, the journal informs the submitting author that they can freely place the final author-version of the submission onto a pre-print server.<sup>\u2021<\/sup> In a sense, this completes the first cycle of this process, since that is how it all started a year ago.<span id=\"cite_ITEM-22270-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-22270-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span> Accordingly, you can now judge my case for the thermochemistry<span id=\"cite_ITEM-22270-2\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-22270-2\">[3]<\/a><\/span> as a ChemRxiv pre-print. This is not yet the end of the process, since the MA itself is now subjected to peer review and the original authors can also respond, a process that can take several months.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Until recently, the mechanisms by which any given scientific article emerges, fully formed so to speak, into the (possibly) open <em>via<\/em> a journal has tended towards opaqueness, with much of the process of assessment shrouded in anonymity. At a time of a global epidemic, with major life changing daily decisions being (hopefully) made on the basis of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/scientific-advisory-group-for-emergencies-sage-coronavirus-covid-19-response-membership\/list-of-participants-of-sage-and-related-sub-groups\">scientific discussion and (open?) evidence,<\/a> it is I think especially pertinent to show how science can operate openly and transparently,\u00a0to some extent and on occasion at least.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><sup>\u2021<\/sup>I was informed by the editor of the journal that a blog such as this can also be considered an appropriate pre-print server. Perhaps it was a sense of symmetry that made me chose the same location where this story started, whilst charting its progress here.<\/p>\n<p>This post has\u00a0DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/dtwk\">dtwk<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n    <ol class=\"kcite-bibliography csl-bib-body\"><li id=\"ITEM-22270-0\">K. Miyamoto, S. Narita, Y. Masumoto, T. Hashishin, M. Kimura, M. Ochiai, and M. Uchiyama, \"Room-Temperature Chemical Synthesis of C2\", 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv.8009633.v1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv.8009633.v1<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-22270-1\">K. Miyamoto, S. Narita, Y. Masumoto, T. Hashishin, T. Osawa, M. Kimura, M. Ochiai, and M. Uchiyama, \"Room-temperature chemical synthesis of C2\", <i>Nature Communications<\/i>, vol. 11, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16025-x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16025-x<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-22270-2\">H.S. Rzepa, \"A Thermodynamic assessment of the reported room-temperature chemical synthesis of C2\", 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv.12237980.v2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv.12237980.v2<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 22270 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A little more than a year ago, a ChemRxiv pre-print appeared bearing the title referenced in this post, which immediately piqued my curiosity. The report presented persuasive evidence, in the form of trapping experiments, that dicarbon or C2 had been formed by the following chemical synthesis. Here I describe some of what happened next, since [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":5,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4,1086],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2661],"class_list":["post-22270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interesting-chemistry","category-reaction-mechanism-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Discussion of (the) Room-temperature chemical synthesis of dicarbon - open and transparent science. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=22270\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Discussion of (the) Room-temperature chemical synthesis of dicarbon - open and transparent science. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A little more than a year ago, a ChemRxiv pre-print appeared bearing the title referenced in this post, which immediately piqued my curiosity. The report presented persuasive evidence, in the form of trapping experiments, that dicarbon or C2 had been formed by the following chemical synthesis. 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My interest started in 2010, when I speculatively proposed here that the related isoelectronic species C\u2a78N+ might sustain a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":23240,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=23240","url_meta":{"origin":22270,"position":1},"title":"The chemical synthesis of C2: another fascinating twist to the story.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"January 20, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Last May, I wrote an update to the story sparked by the report of the chemical synthesis of C2. This species has a long history of spectroscopic observation in the gas phase, resulting from its generation at high temperatures. The chemical synthesis however was done in solution at ambient or\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/11-dim.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/11-dim.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/11-dim.gif?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":21009,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21009","url_meta":{"origin":22270,"position":2},"title":"Diatomics with eight valence-electrons:  formation by radioactive decay.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"June 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"This is a follow up to my earlier post about C\u2a78N+, itself inspired by this ChemRxiv pre-print which describes a chemical synthesis of singlet biradicaloid C2 and its proposed\u00a0identification as such by chemical trapping. First row diatomics based on the iso-electronic principle of eight valence electrons include both C\u2a78N+ and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10733,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=10733","url_meta":{"origin":22270,"position":3},"title":"Is dicarbon (C2) a molecule of chemical interest?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"July 3, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"C2\u00a0(dicarbon) is certainly interesting from a theoretical point of view. Whether or not it can be described as having a quadruple bond has induced much passionate discussion,,,. Its occurrence in space and in flames is also well-known. But does it have what might be called a conventional chemistry? Other highly\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"Click for  3D","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/LaOsC1.jpeg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":25740,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=25740","url_meta":{"origin":22270,"position":4},"title":"Gaseous carbon: The energetics of two forms of tetracarbon, C4 and a challenge!","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"November 29, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The topic of dicarbon,\u00a0C2, has been discussed here for a few years now.\u00a0It undoubtedly would be a gas! This aspect of the species came to the fore recently when further experiments on a potential chemical precursor of dicarbon, the zwitterion X(+)-C\u2261C(-), showed that different variants of X(+), such as not\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;reaction mechanism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"reaction mechanism","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1086"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/IRC.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":21846,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21846","url_meta":{"origin":22270,"position":5},"title":"Comment on &#8220;Resolving the Quadruple Bonding Conundrum in C2 Using Insights Derived from Excited State Potential Energy Surfaces&#8221;: The 7\u03a3 heptet excited states for related molecules.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"January 2, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"I noted in an earlier blog, a potential (if difficult) experimental test of the properties of the singlet state of dicarbon, C2. Now, just a few days ago, a ChemRxiv article has been published suggesting another (probably much more realistic) test.\u00a0This looks at the so-called 7\u03a3 open shell state of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/checkpoint_10062095-300x169.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"authors":[{"term_id":2661,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin","display_name":"Henry Rzepa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","author_category":"1","first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Rzepa","user_url":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-8390","job_title":"","description":"Henry Rzepa is Emeritus Professor of Computational Chemistry at Imperial College London."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22270"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23243,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22270\/revisions\/23243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22270"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=22270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}