{"id":21051,"date":"2019-06-15T20:54:51","date_gmt":"2019-06-15T19:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051"},"modified":"2019-06-17T14:04:33","modified_gmt":"2019-06-17T13:04:33","slug":"anniversaries-the-world-wide-web-at-30-and-25-cerns-lhc-as-a-bonus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051","title":{"rendered":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and  25 (+ CERN&#8217;s LHC as a bonus)."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"21051\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_International_Conference_on_the_World-Wide_Web\">Web conference<\/a> took place (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Web_Conference\">WWW94<\/a>) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of chemistry on the web at the time. You can see my general but entirely personal impressions written after the workshop (DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14469\/hpc\/5850\">10.14469\/hpc\/5850<\/a>),\u00a0with a chemistry specific version at DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14469\/hpc\/5851\">10.14469\/hpc\/5851<\/a>. \u00a0A real trip down memory lane and an indication of how much has happened in 25 years!<\/p>\n<p>I was lucky enough to be able to visit CERN a few days ago, primarily to view the CMS (<strong>Compact Muon Solenoid<\/strong>) detector and I also took the opportunity to remember WWW94. Here are a few photos of the visit. Note the chemistry seen in the final photo, taken in the control room (hint: look on the shelf at the back).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-21051 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21053'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5076-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21053\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21053'>\n\t\t\t\tIt is safe to enter the ring\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21052'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5066-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21052\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21052'>\n\t\t\t\t91m underground\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21065'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5071-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21065\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21065'>\n\t\t\t\tView of the  CMS\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21068'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/U.S._Department_of_Energy_-_Science_-_440_073_001_9452745268-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21068\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21068'>\n\t\t\t\tLead tungstate crystal array (not from CMS)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21064'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5070-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21064\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21064'>\n\t\t\t\tView of the  CMS\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21063'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5069-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21063\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21063'>\n\t\t\t\tFibre cables carrying the data\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21066'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5075-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21066\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21066'>\n\t\t\t\tThe final 27 km ring,  Control room.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?attachment_id=21078'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/image00005-2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-21078\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-21078'>\n\t\t\t\tSome of the visitors\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>You can find a full report of the visit at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/191569\/imperial-celebrates-towering-intellectual-achievement-cern\/\">https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/191569\/imperial-celebrates-towering-intellectual-achievement-cern\/<\/a> with more photos. It is noteworthy that as well as celebrating the achievements of the \u00a0LHC, we also find that &#8220;<em>CERN\u2019s work often leads to paradigm-shifting technologies, &#8230; The most famous example is the World Wide Web, which was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee while working at CERN in 1989<\/em>.&#8221; Hence the link between WWW94 and the CMS.<\/p>\n<p>I end with some chemistry. The design of the CMS detector (one of two that detected the Higgs Boson) took 27 years to complete! It started in the mid 1980s at a point when some of the science required for the detector was still unknown! It was a stupendous act of faith that during the time it took to design the detector, science would provide a solution. One such solution took the form of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cms.web.cern.ch\/news\/crystal-calorimeter\">Lead tungstate (PbWO<sub>4<\/sub>),<\/a> which scintillates when struck by high energy particles. Some 75,848 <a href=\"http:\/\/cms.web.cern.ch\/news\/crystal-story\">single crystals<\/a> of lead tungstate were used in the detector, each being 23 cm long and weighing in total 100 tonnes! The technology to purify and then crystallise this material to optical transparency was developed in Russia and China.<\/p>\n<p>The CMS is now undergoing experiments to find the missing mass in the universe, the so-called dark matter. Maybe another visit in 25 years time is called for to hear where that missing mass is!<\/p>\n<!-- kcite active, but no citations found -->\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 21051 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first Web conference took place (WWW94) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":5,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2661],"class_list":["post-21051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-interesting-chemistry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN&#039;s LHC as a bonus). - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN&#039;s LHC as a bonus). - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first Web conference took place (WWW94) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-06-15T19:54:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-06-17T13:04:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5076-150x150.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN's LHC as a bonus). - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN's LHC as a bonus). - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","og_description":"&nbsp; The World-Wide-Web is currently celebrating its 30th anniversary; you can get the T-shirt in the CERN visitor centre! \u00a0Five years on, in May 1994, the first Web conference took place (WWW94) at CERN and now celebrating its own 25th anniversary. That 1994 conference also had various break-out sessions, one of which\u00a0summarised the state of [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051","og_site_name":"Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","article_published_time":"2019-06-15T19:54:51+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-06-17T13:04:33+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/IMG_5076-150x150.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Henry Rzepa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Henry Rzepa","Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051"},"author":{"name":"Henry Rzepa","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/2b40f7b9c872a4dc1547e040a11b6281"},"headline":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN&#8217;s LHC as a bonus).","datePublished":"2019-06-15T19:54:51+00:00","dateModified":"2019-06-17T13:04:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051"},"wordCount":405,"commentCount":1,"articleSection":["Interesting chemistry"],"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051","url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051","name":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN's LHC as a bonus). - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-06-15T19:54:51+00:00","dateModified":"2019-06-17T13:04:33+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/2b40f7b9c872a4dc1547e040a11b6281"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=21051#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Anniversaries: The World-Wide-Web at 30 and 25 (+ CERN&#8217;s LHC as a bonus)."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/","name":"Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","description":"Chemistry with a twist","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/2b40f7b9c872a4dc1547e040a11b6281","name":"Henry Rzepa","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g370be3a7397865e4fd161aefeb0a5a85","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Henry Rzepa"},"description":"Henry Rzepa is Emeritus Professor of Computational Chemistry at Imperial College London.","sameAs":["https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-8390"],"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?author=1"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pDef7-5tx","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":17122,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=17122","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":0},"title":"Long C=C bonds.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"December 1, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Following on from a search for long C-C bonds, here is the same repeated for C=C double bonds. The query restricts the search to each carbon having just two non-metallic substituents. To avoid conjugation with these, they each are 4-coordinated; the carbons themselves are three-coordinated. Further constraints are the usual\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;crystal_structure_mining&quot;","block_context":{"text":"crystal_structure_mining","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1745"},"img":{"alt_text":"sq","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/sq-1024x415.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17858,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=17858","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":1},"title":"First, hexacoordinate carbon \u2013 now pentacoordinate oxygen?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"March 25, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The previous post demonstrated the simple iso-electronic progression from six-coordinate carbon to five coordinate nitrogen. Here, a further progression to oxygen is investigated computationally. The systems are formally constructed from a cyclobutadienyl di-anion and firstly the HO5+ cation, giving a tri-cationic complex. There are no examples of the resulting motif\u00a0in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Bond slam&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bond slam","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2237"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":24129,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=24129","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":2},"title":"Sterically stabilized cyclopropenylidenes. An example of Octopus publishing?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"August 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Whilst I was discussing the future of scientific publication in the last post, a debate was happening behind the scenes regarding the small molecule cyclopropenylidene. This is the smallest known molecule displaying\u00a0\u03c0-aromaticity, but its high reactivity means that it is unlikely to be isolated in the condensed phase. A question\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;crystal_structure_mining&quot;","block_context":{"text":"crystal_structure_mining","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1745"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Screenshot-814-1024x792.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17349,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=17349","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":3},"title":"Forming a stabilized m-benzyne.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"January 20, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"The story so far. Inspired by the report of the most polar neutral compound yet made, I suggested some candidates based on the azulene ring system that if made might be even more polar. This then led to considering a smaller \u03c0-analogue of azulene, m-benzyne. Here I ponder how a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/polar-Cla.gif?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17710,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=17710","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":4},"title":"How does silane invert (its configuration)?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"March 16, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"In the previous post, I found intriguing the mechanism by which methane (CH4) inverts by transposing two of its hydrogens. Here I take a look at silane, SiH4. It appears it is a three-stage process! Firstly, silane eliminates molecular hydrogen to form a molecular complex between H2\u00a0and SiH2 (DOI:\u00a010.14469\/hpc\/2290). The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;reaction mechanism&quot;","block_context":{"text":"reaction mechanism","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1086"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/gaussian-78_tot_ener.svg","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":18993,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=18993","url_meta":{"origin":21051,"position":5},"title":"VSEPR Theory: Octet-busting or not with trimethyl chlorine, ClMe3.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"November 12, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"A few years back, I took a look at the valence-shell electron pair repulsion approach to the geometry of chlorine trifluoride, ClF3 using so-called ELF basins to locate centroids for both the covalent F-Cl bond electrons and the chlorine lone-pair electrons. Whereas the original VSEPR theory talks about five \"electron\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chemical IT&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chemical IT","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"authors":[{"term_id":2661,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin","display_name":"Henry Rzepa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21051"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21079,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21051\/revisions\/21079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21051"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=21051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}