{"id":12539,"date":"2014-05-18T15:42:12","date_gmt":"2014-05-18T14:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12539"},"modified":"2014-05-18T15:43:44","modified_gmt":"2014-05-18T14:43:44","slug":"an-original-chemistry-lab-from-the-early-19th-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12539","title":{"rendered":"An original chemistry lab from the early 19th century."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"12539\">\n<p>Not a computer in sight! I refer to <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mus\u00e9um_national_d%27histoire_naturelle\" target=\"_blank\">a chemistry lab from the 1800s<\/a> I was recently taken to, where famous french chemists such as Joseph Gay-Lussac, Michel Chevreul and Edmond Fremy were professors. Although not used for chemistry any more, it is an incredible treasure trove of objects. Here are photos of some.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12536\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12536\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12536\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4.jpg\" alt=\"Tartaric acid salts\" width=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4.jpg 1833w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4-1024x764.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris4-900x671.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1833px) 100vw, 1833px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12536\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tartaric acid salts<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This photo shows the crystals of (sodium ammonium) tartrate which Pasteur studied in 1848<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12539-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12539-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span>. The crystals on the left are the actual chemical (but not Pasteur&#8217;s, although they are thought to be very old), but the wooden blocks in the centre were apparently made for Pasteur to illustrate the morphology.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12535\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12535\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12535\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris2.jpg\" alt=\"Gay-Lussac\" width=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris2.jpg 916w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris2-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris2-900x673.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gay-Lussac<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12538\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12538\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12538\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris1.jpg\" alt=\"Samples\" width=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris1.jpg 916w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris1-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris1-900x673.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 916px) 100vw, 916px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12538\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fremy?<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_12537\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12537\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12537\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5.jpg\" alt=\"Equivalents table\" width=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5.jpg 1833w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5-1024x764.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Paris5-900x671.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1833px) 100vw, 1833px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-12537\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Equivalents table<\/p><\/div>\n<p>This last one adorns one end of the lab, and lists the equivalent masses of a collection of known elements. In particular, those for carbon (6) and oxygen (8) were to be corrected in 1855, emerging as atomic weights (relative to hydrogen 1).<\/p>\n<p>It is good to see such heritage preserved. It is even better to emerge from this lab to be confronted by a brand new conference poster; just opposite on the corridor are real working labs, with real students producing posters. I guess, using computers!<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n    <ol class=\"kcite-bibliography csl-bib-body\"><li id=\"ITEM-12539-0\">H.D. Flack, \"Louis Pasteur&#039;s discovery of molecular chirality and spontaneous resolution in 1848, together with a complete review of his crystallographic and chemical work\", <i>Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography<\/i>, vol. 65, pp. 371-389, 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/s0108767309024088\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/s0108767309024088<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 12539 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Not a computer in sight! I refer to a chemistry lab from the 1800s I was recently taken to, where famous french chemists such as Joseph Gay-Lussac, Michel Chevreul and Edmond Fremy were professors. Although not used for chemistry any more, it is an incredible treasure trove of objects. Here are photos of some. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":5,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[565],"tags":[1223,1225,1224],"ppma_author":[2661],"class_list":["post-12539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historical","tag-edmond-fremy","tag-joseph-gay-lussac","tag-michel-chevreul"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An original chemistry lab from the early 19th century. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12539\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An original chemistry lab from the early 19th century. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Not a computer in sight! I refer to a chemistry lab from the 1800s I was recently taken to, where famous french chemists such as Joseph Gay-Lussac, Michel Chevreul and Edmond Fremy were professors. Although not used for chemistry any more, it is an incredible treasure trove of objects. Here are photos of some. 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I refer to a chemistry lab from the 1800s I was recently taken to, where famous french chemists such as Joseph Gay-Lussac, Michel Chevreul and Edmond Fremy were professors. Although not used for chemistry any more, it is an incredible treasure trove of objects. Here are photos of some. 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crystalline silicon from 1854.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"October 31, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"The element silicon best represents the digital era of the mid 20th century to the present; without its crystalline form, there would be no computers (or this blog). 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Part of the problem perhaps is that many of the current reward systems for scientists do not always help promote\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Bradley-Mason Prize for Open Chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bradley-Mason Prize for Open Chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2131"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":24348,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=24348","url_meta":{"origin":12539,"position":2},"title":"Herapathite: an example of (double?) serendipity.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"October 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"On October 13, 2021, the historical group of the Royal Society of Chemistry organised a symposium celebrating ~150 years of the history of (molecular) chirality. We met for the first time in person for more than 18 months and were treated to a splendid and diverse program about the subject.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Chiroptics&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Chiroptics","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=2644"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/NAIACE.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":17805,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=17805","url_meta":{"origin":12539,"position":3},"title":"Silyl cations?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"March 23, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"It is not only the non-classical norbornyl cation that has proved controversial in the past. A colleague mentioned at lunch (thanks Paul!) that tri-coordinate group 14 cations such as R3Si+ have also had an interesting history. Here I take a brief look at some of these systems. Their initial characterisations,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;crystal_structure_mining&quot;","block_context":{"text":"crystal_structure_mining","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1745"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/164-1024x748.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":6859,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=6859","url_meta":{"origin":12539,"position":4},"title":"Streptomycin: a case study in the progress of science.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"May 28, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Streptomycin is an antibiotic active against tuberculosis, and its discovery has become something of a cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. It was first isolated on October 19, 1943 by a graduate student Albert Schatz in the laboratory of Selman Waksman at Rutgers University. I want to concentrate in this post on its molecular\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/streptomycin.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":20212,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=20212","url_meta":{"origin":12539,"position":5},"title":"Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Mediated by the PhenoFluor Reagent.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"September 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Recently, the 100th anniversary of the birth of the famous chemist Derek Barton was celebrated with a symposium. One of the many wonderful talks presented was by Tobias Ritter and entitled \"Late-stage fluorination for PET imaging\" and this resonated for me. The challenge is how to produce C-F bonds under\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fluoridation.gif?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"authors":[{"term_id":2661,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin","display_name":"Henry Rzepa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12539"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12545,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12539\/revisions\/12545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12539"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=12539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}