{"id":12261,"date":"2014-04-10T10:56:51","date_gmt":"2014-04-10T09:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12261"},"modified":"2014-04-10T11:09:14","modified_gmt":"2014-04-10T10:09:14","slug":"a-connected-world-journals-and-blogs-the-benzene-dication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12261","title":{"rendered":"A connected world (journals and blogs): The benzene dication."},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kcite-section\" kcite-section-id=\"12261\">\n<p>Science is rarely about a totally new observation or rationalisation, it is much more about making connections between known facts, and perhaps using these connections to extrapolate to new areas (building on the shoulders of giants, etc). So here I chart one example of such connectivity over a period of six years.<\/p>\n<p>The story starts with this article<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-0\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-0\">[1]<\/a><\/span>, a preview talk about which (Hypervalent Carbon Atom: &#8220;Freezing&#8221; the S<sub>N<\/sub>2 Transition State) I actually saw at an ACS conference a year or so earlier. When the article was published, Steve Bachrach <a href=\"http:\/\/comporgchem.com\/blog\/?p=385\" target=\"_blank\">blogged about i<\/a>t, noting the claim for pentavalent carbon. The semantics of a valency <em>vs<\/em> a coordination are subtle, and I was not convinced that this frozen transition state deserved its elevation from penta-coordinate to pentavalent. After some discussion on Steve&#8217;s blog, I built upon these ideas with a <a title=\"Pentavalent nitrogen and boron\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=961\" target=\"_blank\">few thoughts of my own<\/a> on the present blog and then wondered whether they could be finally distilled into a more formal publication (testing the precedent in some ways of whether collaborative and public discussions of ideas could be published formally, or whether they would be rejected as having been already &#8220;published&#8221;). Well, these final distilled thoughts were indeed published in 2010<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span>, including their genesis in Steve&#8217;s blog (I wanted to put blogs more firmly into the acceptable scientific circle). This article included one species (numbered <strong>5<\/strong> in that article in 2010<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span>) and pointed out an analogy to replacing CH<sup>2+<\/sup> by <em>e.g<\/em> the isoelectronic BH<sup>1+<\/sup>, in as much as an example of the latter is indeed known as a stable crystalline compound.<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-2\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-2\">[3]<\/a><\/span>. Iso-electronics is a very fruitful source of connections in chemistry!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/5.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12265\" alt=\"5\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/5.svg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Matters rested there until yesterday, when I spotted <a href=\"http:\/\/comporgchem.com\/blog\/?p=3046\" target=\"_blank\">this<\/a> on Steve&#8217;s blog where he discusses this recent article on the structure of the benzene dication.<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-3\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-3\">[4]<\/a><\/span> Hey presto, there is that molecule again, but now there is firm experimental evidence of its existence! It was I think rather too much to expect the authors of this article to have spotted the connection to mine (although as it happens, both address the issue of complexes to He). The relationship between CH<sup>2+<\/sup> and BH<sup>1+<\/sup> is a little more subtle. From my point of view, it is always worth trawling through the crystal structure database in favour of evidence for hypothetical species (or their isoelectronic substitutions), and so it proved in this case!<\/p>\n<p>There are other connections possible. Thus the dication of benzene has a (higher energy) isomer which is in fact a 4\u03c0 antiaromatic species which avoids this antiaromaticity by a geometric distortion, with two C-H bonds bending above and below the ring. Such <a title=\"(anti)aromaticity avoided: a tutorial example\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=2973\">avoided antiaromaticity<\/a> has been noted elsewhere here.<\/p>\n<p>There is one final connection for me to make. My 2010 article<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-1\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-1\">[2]<\/a><\/span> contained one of my <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nchem\/journal\/v2\/n5\/media\/nchem.596_jmol.html\" target=\"_blank\">interactive tables<\/a> containing the data for the various structures (yes, although its data, you will need to have a subscription to the journal to access it). As it happens, last year we wished to reprise this style of publication, but as I <a title=\"A two-publisher model for the scientific article: narrative+shared data.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=10998\" target=\"_blank\">blogged at the time<\/a>, the journal had changed its production processes, and they could no longer offer me that opportunity. Some quick thinking came up with a replacement, which we now use extensively.<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-4\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-4\">[5]<\/a><\/span> So the chain of connections resulting from that original talk some six years ago continues.<\/p>\n<p>&lt;<\/p>\n<p>p>As for that chain, it arose distressingly randomly. I do not routinely read the entire ToC of JACS and so would not have discovered<span id=\"cite_ITEM-12261-3\" name=\"citation\"><a href=\"#ITEM-12261-3\">[4]<\/a><\/span> the connection by that route. Fortunately, Steve Bachrach does and helped me make that connection to the molecule shown above. Although I did spend a few minutes thinking to myself &#8220;does that structure ring any bells?&#8221;. Fortunately, one did (eventually) ring. But for every connection made in this wonderfully human manner, I cannot help but think how many are not! However, if connections were much easier to make, could we as humans cope with the overwhelming deluge of new ideas?<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n    <ol class=\"kcite-bibliography csl-bib-body\"><li id=\"ITEM-12261-0\">S. Pierrefixe, S. van\u2005Stralen, J. van\u2005Stralen, C. Fonseca\u2005Guerra, and F. Bickelhaupt, \"Hypervalent Carbon Atom: \u201cFreezing\u201d the S&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;\/sub&gt;2 Transition State\", <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition<\/i>, vol. 48, pp. 6469-6471, 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.200902125\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.200902125<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-12261-1\">H.S. Rzepa, \"The rational design of helium bonds\", <i>Nature Chemistry<\/i>, vol. 2, pp. 390-393, 2010. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nchem.596\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nchem.596<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-12261-2\">C. Dohmeier, R. K\u00f6ppe, C. Robl, and H. Schn\u00f6ckel, \"Kristallstruktur von [Cp\u2605BBr][AlBr4]\", <i>Journal of Organometallic Chemistry<\/i>, vol. 487, pp. 127-130, 1995. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-328x(94)05089-t\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-328x(94)05089-t<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-12261-3\">J. Ja\u0161\u00edk, D. Gerlich, and J. Roithov\u00e1, \"Probing Isomers of the Benzene Dication in a Low-Temperature Trap\", <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society<\/i>, vol. 136, pp. 2960-2962, 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja412109h\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja412109h<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"ITEM-12261-4\">A. Armstrong, R.A. Boto, P. Dingwall, J. Contreras-Garc\u00eda, M.J. Harvey, N.J. Mason, and H.S. Rzepa, \"The Houk\u2013List transition states for organocatalytic mechanisms revisited\", <i>Chem. Sci.<\/i>, vol. 5, pp. 2057-2071, 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3sc53416b\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3sc53416b<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<\/div> <!-- kcite-section 12261 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Science is rarely about a totally new observation or rationalisation, it is much more about making connections between known facts, and perhaps using these connections to extrapolate to new areas (building on the shoulders of giants, etc). So here I chart one example of such connectivity over a period of six years. The story starts [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":5,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7,4],"tags":[32,1080,68,20],"ppma_author":[2661],"class_list":["post-12261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hypervalency","category-interesting-chemistry","tag-acs","tag-electronics","tag-higher-energy","tag-steve-bachrach"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A connected world (journals and blogs): The benzene dication. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12261\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A connected world (journals and blogs): The benzene dication. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Science is rarely about a totally new observation or rationalisation, it is much more about making connections between known facts, and perhaps using these connections to extrapolate to new areas (building on the shoulders of giants, etc). 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The story starts [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12261\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-04-10T09:56:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2014-04-10T10:09:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/5.svg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Henry Rzepa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"A connected world (journals and blogs): The benzene dication. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=12261","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"A connected world (journals and blogs): The benzene dication. - Henry Rzepa&#039;s Blog","og_description":"Science is rarely about a totally new observation or rationalisation, it is much more about making connections between known facts, and perhaps using these connections to extrapolate to new areas (building on the shoulders of giants, etc). 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(Part 1).","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"September 22, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"The bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction at saturated carbon is an icon of organic chemistry, and is better known by its mechanistic label, SN2. It is normally a slow reaction, with half lives often measured in hours. This implies a significant barrier to reaction (~15-20 kcal\/mol) for the transition state, shown\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Hypervalency&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Hypervalency","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"The Sn2 transition state","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/09\/sn2.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":4278,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=4278","url_meta":{"origin":12261,"position":1},"title":"Metallic carbon nanotori","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"June 2, 2011","format":false,"excerpt":"The interface between physics, chemistry (and materials science) can be a fascinating one. Here I show a carbon\u00a0nanotorus, devised by physicists a few years ago.\u00a0It is a theoretical species, and was predicted to have a colossal paramagnetic moment. At 1364 carbon atoms, it is a little too big to calculate\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=1"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/carbon-nanotorus.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":11421,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=11421","url_meta":{"origin":12261,"position":2},"title":"Six vs ten aromatic electrons?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"October 20, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Homoaromaticity is a special case of\u00a0aromaticity\u00a0in which\u00a0\u03c0-conjugation\u00a0is interrupted by a single sp3\u00a0hybridized\u00a0carbon atom (it is sometimes referred to as a suspended \u03c0-bond with no underlying \u03c3-foundation).\u00a0But consider the carbene shown below. This example comes from a recently published article which was highlighted on Steve Bachrach's blog. Here aromaticity has resulted\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"Click for  3D","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/B10-sigma.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9119,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=9119","url_meta":{"origin":12261,"position":3},"title":"The strangely attractive conformation of C17H36.","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"January 13, 2013","format":false,"excerpt":"We tend to think of simple hydrocarbons as relatively inert and un-interesting molecules. However, a recent article, which was in fact highlighted by Steve Bachrach on his blog , asks what \"The Last Globally Stable Extended Alkane\" might be. In other words, at what stage does a straight-chain hydrocarbon fold\u2026","rel":"","context":"In \"conformational analysis\"","block_context":{"text":"conformational analysis","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?tag=conformational-analysis"},"img":{"alt_text":"NCI analysis. Click for  3D.","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/C17.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1210,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=1210","url_meta":{"origin":12261,"position":4},"title":"The nature of the C\u2261S triple bond","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"December 1, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Steve Bachrach has just blogged on a recent article claiming the isolation of a compound with a C\u2261S triple bond; Steve notes that Schreiner and co claim a \u201cstructure with a rather strong CS double bond or a weak triple bond\u201d. With this size of molecule, the proverbial kitchen sink\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Hypervalency&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Hypervalency","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=7"},"img":{"alt_text":"A compound with a CS triple bond","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/12\/CSCC.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":7643,"url":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?p=7643","url_meta":{"origin":12261,"position":5},"title":"What is the range of values for a (sp3)C-C(sp3) single bond length?","author":"Henry Rzepa","date":"September 12, 2012","format":false,"excerpt":"Here is a challenge: what is the longest C-C bond actually determined (in which both carbon termini are sp3 hybridised)? I pose this question since Steve Bachrach has posted on how to stabilize long bonds by attractive dispersive interactions, and more recently\u00a0commenting on what the longest straight chain alkane might\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interesting chemistry&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interesting chemistry","link":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/?cat=4"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ch.imperial.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/BATSIA.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"authors":[{"term_id":2661,"user_id":1,"is_guest":0,"slug":"admin","display_name":"Henry Rzepa","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/897b6740f7f599bca7942cdf7d7914af5988937ae0e3869ab09aebb87f26a731?s=96&d=blank&r=g","author_category":"1","first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Rzepa","user_url":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-8390","job_title":"","description":"Henry Rzepa is Emeritus Professor of Computational Chemistry at Imperial College London."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12261"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12271,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12261\/revisions\/12271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12261"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ch.ic.ac.uk\/rzepa\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fppma_author&post=12261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}